A. 上海被迫開放為通商口岸的條約
1840年鴉片戰爭失敗後，中國政府簽署《南京條約》，上海成為向外商開放的通商口岸，隨後英國、法國、美國、德國等在上海劃分租界，後來英、法、美等合並為公共租界，法國單獨設立法租界。在美國僑民中，傳教士佔有一定數量，設教堂、建醫院、學校。公共租界成為國中之國。各國撤離租界後，在很長時間內，公共租界仍是上海，乃至中國最繁華的中心城區。各國的僑民的入住，給上海帶來了工業翻譯公司的現代都市文明，成為上海文化的一部分。
B. 中國近代史上哪部條約將上海開為通商口岸
南京條約 １．割讓香港２.賠償巨款（２１００萬銀元）３.開放五口（廣州、廈門、福州、寧波、上海五處通商口岸）４.協定關稅參考資料歷史課本初二第一冊第一課 南京條約》細節
中國清政府與英國政府簽訂的結束鴉片戰爭的條約。又稱《江寧條約》。1842年8月29日（道光二十二年七月二十四），由清欽差大臣耆英與英國政府全權公使H.璞鼎查在南京簽訂。條約共13款。主要內容為：①中國割讓香港。②向英國賠款2100萬銀元。③開放廣州、福州、廈門、寧波、上海等五處為通商口岸，英國可派駐領事，通稱五口通商。④廢除「公行」制度，英商可以與中國商人自由進行貿易。⑤中國抽收進出口貨的稅率由中英共同議定。1843 年7月22日，在香港公布《中英五口通商章程》。10月8日， 耆英與璞鼎查在虎門簽訂《中英五口通商附粘善後條款》，又稱《虎門條約》（《中英五口通商章程》被作為其中的一部分）。在該條約中，英國取得了領事裁判權和片面的最惠國待遇等特權，同時還制訂了海關稅則。《南京條約》簽訂後，美國和法國趁火打劫，於1844年分別強迫清政府訂立了《望廈條約》和《黃埔條約》。《南京條約》、《虎門條約》與《望廈條約》、《黃埔條約》一起，成為中國近代史上外國侵略者強迫清政府訂立的第一批不平等條約。從此，中國由一個封建社會逐步變為半殖民地半封建的社會。
C. 上海市何時因什麼條約而開埠通商的
中英《江寧條約》(《南京條約》)
上海為五個通商口岸之一，1843年11月17日上海正式開埠。
D. 要求中國開放廣州、廈門、福州、寧波、上海五處為通商口岸的條約是
要求中國開放廣州，廈門，福州，寧波，上海為通商口岸是《南京條約，英國政府為保護鴉片走私，借口中國禁煙，1840年6月，英國艦隊侵入中國廣東海面，鴉片戰爭正式爆發．1842年8月，清政府被迫簽訂《南京條約》，開放廣州、廈門、福建、寧波、上海五處為通商口岸，賠償英國2100萬元
E. 那個條約開通商口岸
鴉片戰爭前著名的通商口岸--廣州十三行
南京條約中劃定的通商口岸由北至南依次為 上海、寧波、廈門、福州、 加上原來唯一的通商口岸 廣州，一共五處。英國也由此逐步打開了中國市場。
天津條約開放牛庄（後改營口），台南，潮州（汕頭），登州（煙台），淡水，瓊州，漢口，九江，南京，鎮江
北京條約開天津
馬關條約開沙市，重慶，蘇州，杭州
煙台條約開宜昌，蕪湖，溫州，北海
F. 上海是我國重要的經濟城市在近代規定上海屬於西方國家的通商口岸的條約是《南京條約》
《南京條約》是中英之間的不平等條約。《南京條約》共十三款，其中有一條是「五口通商」，要求開放廣州、福州、廈門、寧波、上海五處為通商口岸，並允許英人居住並設派領事。
《天津條約》是清政府與俄、美、英、法各國簽訂的不平等條約。這份條約規定了「廣東之廣州、潮州，福建之廈門、福州、台灣，浙江之寧波，江蘇之上海」全面向西方國家開放港口、貿易、定居等。
G. 第一個迫使中國開放通商口岸的條約
英國
1842年，清政府被迫在南京的靜海寺與英國政府議約，雙方共南京條約簽訂在寺內議約四次。8月29日，中國清政府全部接受了英國提出的議和條款，在英軍旗艦」汗華「（亦譯康華麗）號上正式簽訂了中國近代第一個不平等條約中英《南京條約》，滿足了英國大多數的要求。主要內容：
條約：割香港島給英國。
影響：破壞了中國領土的完整
條約：開放廣州、廈門、福州、寧波、上海為通商口岸，允許英國人在通商口岸設駐領事館。
影響：使中國東南門戶敞開，便於列強向中國輸出商品和原料。
條約：中國向英國賠款2100萬元（軍費，分24年付清）。
影響：使清政府的財政更加困難
條約：英國在中國的進出口貨物納稅，中國與英國共同議定。
影響：破壞中國關稅自主權。
H. 近代中國那一條不平等條約使上海成為通商口岸
是《南京條約》
1842年《中英南京條約》（《江寧條約》）(1943年廢止)
主要內容
中英《南京條約》（又稱《江寧條約》）共13款，主要內容是：
1．宣布結束戰爭。兩國關系由戰爭狀態進入和平狀態。
2．清朝政府開放廣州、廈門、福州、寧波、上海等五處為通商口岸（史
稱「五口通商」），准許英國派駐領事，准許英商及其家屬自由居住。
3．賠款。清政府向英國賠款2100萬銀元，其中600萬銀元賠償被焚鴉片，1200萬銀元賠償英國軍費，300萬銀元償還商人債務。其款分4年交納清楚，倘未能按期交足，則酌定每年百元應加利息5銀元。中國向英國共賠償二千一百萬西班牙銀元。
4．割地。割香港島給英國，英軍撤出南京、定海等處江面和島嶼。
5．廢除清政府原有的公行自主貿易制度，准許英商與華商自由貿易。
6．英商進出口貨物繳納的稅款，中國需與英國商定；中國的關稅自主權開始喪失。
7．以口頭協議決定中英民間「訴訟之事」，「英商歸英國自理」；中國的司法主權開始受到侵害。
8. 中英兩國各自釋放對方軍民。
條約雙語原文
中文版
茲因大清大皇帝，大英君主，欲以近來之不和之端解釋，止肇釁，為此議定設立永久和約。是以大清大皇帝特派欽差便宜行事大臣太子少保鎮守廣東廣州將軍宗室耆英，頭品頂戴花翎前閣督部堂乍浦副都統紅帶子伊裡布；大英伊耳蘭等國君主特派全權公使大臣英國所屬印度等處三等將軍世襲男爵璞鼎查；公同各將所奉之上諭便宜行事及敕賜全權之命互相較閱，俱屬善當，即便議擬各條，陳列於左：
一、嗣後大清大皇帝、大英國君主永存平和，所屬華英人民彼此友睦，各住他國者必受該國保佑身家全安。
二、自今以後，大皇帝恩准英國人民帶同所屬家眷，寄居大清沿海之廣州、福州、廈門、寧波、上海等五處港口，貿易通商無礙；且大英國君主派設領事、管事等官住該五處城邑，專理商賈事宜，與各該地方官公文往來；令英人按照下條開敘之列，清楚交納貨稅、鈔餉等費。
三、因大英商船遠路涉洋，往往有損壞須修補者，自應給予沿海一處，以便修船及存守所用物料。今大皇帝准將香港一島給予大英國君主暨嗣後世襲主位者常遠據守主掌，任便立法治理。
四、因大清欽差大憲等於道光十九年二月間經將大英國領事官及民人等強留粵省，嚇以死罪，索出鴉片以為贖命，今大皇帝准以洋銀六百萬銀元償補原價。
五、凡大英商民在粵貿易，向例全歸額設行商，亦稱公行者承辦，今大皇帝准以嗣後不必仍照向例，乃凡有英商等赴各該口貿易者，勿論與何商交易，均聽其便；且向例額設行商等內有累欠英商甚多無措清還者，今酌定洋銀三百萬銀元，作為商欠之數，准明由中國官為償還。
六、因大清欽命大臣等向大英官民人等不公強辦，致須撥發軍士討求伸理，今酌定水陸軍費洋銀一千二百萬銀元，大皇帝准為償補，惟自道光二十一年六月十五日以後，英國因贖各城收過銀兩之數，大英全權公使大臣為君主准可，按數扣除。
七、以上三條酌定銀數共二千一百萬銀元應如何分期交清開列於左：
此時交銀六百萬銀元；
癸卯年六月間交銀三百萬銀元，十二月間交銀三百萬銀元，共銀六百萬銀元；
甲辰年六月間交銀二百五十萬銀元，十二月間交銀二百五十萬銀元，共銀五百萬銀元；
乙巳年六月間交銀二百萬銀元，十二月間交銀二百萬銀元，共銀四百萬銀元；
自壬寅年起至乙巳年止，四年共交銀二千一百萬銀元。
倘有按期未能交足之數，則酌定每年每百員加息五銀元。
八、凡系大英國人，無論本國、屬國軍民等，今在中國所管轄各地方被禁者，大清大皇帝准即釋放。
九、凡系中國人，前在英人所據之邑居住者，或與英人有來往者，或有跟隨及俟候英國官人者，均由大皇帝俯降御旨，謄錄天下，恩准全然免罪；且凡系中國人，為英國事被拿監禁受難者，亦加恩釋放。
十、前第二條內言明開關俾英國商民居住通商之廣州等五處，應納進口、出口貨稅、餉費，均宜秉公議定則例，由部頒發曉示，以便英商按例交納；今又議定，英國貨物自在某港按例納稅後，即准由中國商人遍運天下，而路所經過稅關不得加重稅例，只可按估價則例若干，每兩加稅不過分。
十一、議定英國住中國之總管大員，與大清大臣無論京內、京外者，有文書來往，用照會字樣；英國屬員，用申陳字樣；大臣批復用札行字樣；兩國屬員往來，必當平行照會。若兩國商賈上達官憲，不在議內，仍用稟明字樣為著。
十二、俟奉大清大皇帝允准和約各條施行，並以此時准交之六百萬銀元交清，大英水陸軍士當即退出江寧、京口等處江面，並不再行攔阻中國各省商賈貿易。至鎮海之招寶山，亦將退讓。惟有定海縣之舟山海島、廈門廳之古浪嶼小島，仍歸英兵暫為駐守；迨及所議洋銀全數交清，而前議各海口均已開辟俾英人通商後，即將駐守二處軍士退出，不復占據。
十三、以上各條均關議和要約，應候大臣等分別奏明大清大皇帝、大英君主各用？親筆批准後，即速行相交，俾兩國分執一冊，以昭信守；惟兩國相離遙遠，不得一旦而到，是以另繕二冊，先由大清欽差便宜行事大臣等、大英欽奉全權公使大臣各為君上定事，蓋用關防印信，各執一冊為據，俾即日按照和約開載之條，施行妥辦無礙矣。要至和約者。
道光二十二年七月二十四日即英國記年之
一千八百四十二年八月二十九日由江寧省會行
大英君主汗華船上鈴關防
EDITION
VICTORIA, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., etc. To All and
Singular to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting !Whereas a Treaty between
Us and Our Good Brother The Emperor of China, was concluded and signed, in the
English and Chinese Languages, on board Our Ship the Cornwallis, at Nanking, on
the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight
Hundred and Forty-two, by the Plenipotentiaries of Us and of Our said Good
Brother, ly and respectively authorized for that purpose;
which Treaty is hereunto annexed in Original.
TREATY
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of putting an end
to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between
the two Countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose, and have
therefore named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, HENRY POTTINGER, Bart., a Major General in
the Service of the East India Company, etc., etc.; And His Imperial Majesty the
Emperor of China, the High Commiasioners KEYING, a Member of the Imperial House,
a Guardian of the Crown Prince and General of the Garrison of Canton; and
ELEPOO, of Imperial Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the
first rank, and the distinction of Peacock^s feather, lately Minister and
Governor General etc., and now Lieutenant-General Commanding at Chapoo: Who,
after having communicated to each other their respective Full Powers and found
them to be in good and e form, have agreed upon, and concluded, the following
Articles:
ARTICLE I.
There shall henceforward be Peace and Friendship between Her
Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His
Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective Subjects, who shall
enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the
Dominions of the other.
ARTICLE II.
His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees that British Subjects,
with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the
purpose of carrying on their Mercantile pursuits, without molestation or
restraint at the Cities and Towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow-fu, Ningpo, and
Shanghai, and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., will appoint
Superintendents or Consular Officers, to reside at each of the above-named
Cities or Towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese
Authorities and the said Merchants, and to see that the just Duties and other
Dues of the Chinese Government is hereafter provided for, are ly discharged by
Her Britannic Majesty^s Subjects.
ARTICLE III.
It being obviously necessary and desirable, that British
Subjects should have some Port whereat they may careen and refit their Ships,
when required, and keep Stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of
China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., the Island of
Hongkong, to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and
Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain, etc., shall see fit to direct.
ARTICLE IV.
The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Six Millions of
Dollars as the value of Opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of
March 1839, as a Ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty^s Superintendent
and Subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese
High Officers.
ARTICLE V.
The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants
trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese Merchants called Hong
Merchants (or Cohong) who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that
purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all
Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their
mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial
Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of Three
Millions of Dollars, on acoount of Debts e to British Subjects by some of the
said Hong Merchants (or Cohong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very
large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.
ARTICLE VI.
The Government of Her Britannic Majesty having been obliged to
send out an Expedition to demand and obtain redress for the violent and unjust
Proceedings of the Chinese High Authorities towards Her Britannic Majesty^s
Officer and Subjects, the Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Twelve
Millions of Dollars on account of the Expenses incurred, and Her Britannic
Majesty^s Plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees, on behalf of Her Majesty, to
dect from the said amount of Twelve Millions of Dollars, any sums which may
have been received by Her Majesty^s combined Forces as Ransom for Cities and
Towns in China, subsequent to the 1st day of August 1841.
ARTICLE VII.
It is agreed that the Total amount of Twenty-one Millions of
Dollars, described in the three preceding Articles, shall be paid as
follows:
Six Millions immediately.
Six Millions in 1843. That is:NThree Millions on or before the
30th of the month of June, and Three Millions on or before the 31St of
December.
Five Millions in 1844. That is:NTwo Millions and a Half on or
before the 30th of June, and Two Millions and a half on or before the 31St of
December.
Four Millions in 1845. That is:NTwo Millions on or before the
30th of June, and Two Millions on or before the 31st of December; and it is
further stipulated, that Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be
paid by the Government of China on any portions of the above sums that are not
punctually discharged at the periods fixed.
ARTICLE VIII.
The Emperor of China agrees to release unconditionally all
Subjects of leer Britannic Majesty (whether Natives of Europe or India) who may
be in confinement at this moment, in any part of the Chinese Empire.
ARTICLE IX.
The Emperor of China agrees to publish and promulgate, under His
Imperial Sign Manual and Seal, a full and entire amnesty and act of indemnity,
to all Subjects of China on account of their having resided under, or having had
dealings and intercourse with, or having entered the Service of Her Britannic
Majesty, or of Her Majesty^s Officers, and His lmperial Majesty further engages
to release all Chinese Subjects who may be at this moment in confinement for
similar reasons.
ARTICLE X.
His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at all the
Ports which are by the 2nd Article of this Treaty to be thrown open for the
resort of British Merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of Export and Import
Customs and other Dues, which Tariff shall be publicly notified and promulgated
for general information, and the Emperor further engages, that when British
Merchandise shall have once paid at any of the said Ports the regulated Customs
and Dues agreeable to the Tariff, to be hereafter fixed, such Merchandise may be
conveyed by Chinese Merchants, to any Province or City in the interior of the
Empire of China on paying a further amount as Transit Duties which shall not
exceed per cent. On the tariff value of such goods.
ARTICLE Xl.
It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty^s Chief High Officer in
China shall correspond with the Chinese High Officers, both at the Capital and
in the Provinces, under the term "Communication" [chinese characters]. The
Subordinate British Officers and Chinese High Officers in the Provinces under
the terms "Statement" [chinese characters] on the part of the former, and on the
part of the latter " Declaration " [chinese characters], and the Subordinates of
both Countries on a footing of perfect equality. Merchants and others not
holding official situations and, therefore, not included in the above, on both
sides, to use the term " Representation " [chinese characters] in all Papers
addressed to, or intended for the notice of the respective Governments.
ARTICLE XII.
On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty being
received and the discharge of the first instalment of money, Her Britannic
Majesty^s Forces will retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and will no
longer molest or stop the Trade of China. The Military Post at Chinhai will also
be withdrawn, but the Islands of Koolangsoo and that of Chusan will continue to
be held by Her Majesty^s Forces until the money payments, and the arrangements
for opening the Ports to British Merchants be completed.
ARTICLE XIII.
The Ratification of the Treaty by Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain, etc., and His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be exchanged as soon
as the great distance which separates England from China will admit; but in the
meantime counterpart copies of it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on
behalf of their respective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its
provisions and arrangements shall take effect.
Done at Nanking and Signed and Sealed by the Plenipotentiaries
on board Her Britannic Majesty^s ship Cornwallis,this twenty-ninth day of
August, 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the
seventh month
in the twenty-second Year of TAOU KWANG.
(L.S.) HENRY POTTINGER,
Her Majesty^s Plenipotentiary.
Chinese Signatures (3).*
| Chinese Seal. |
We, having seen and considered the Treaty aforesaid, have
approved, accepted, and confirmed the same in all and every one of its Articles
and Clauses, as We do by these Presents approve, accept, confirm, and ratify it
for Ourselves, Our Heirs, and Successors:Engaging and Promising upon Our Royal
Word, that We will sincerely and faithfully perform and observe all and singular
the things which are contained and expressed in the Treaty aforesaid, and that
We will never suffer the same to be violated by any one, or transgressed in any
manner,
as far as it lies in Our Power.
For the greater Testimony and Validity of all which, We have
caused the Great Seal of Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to be
affixed to these Presents, which We have signed with Our Royal Hand.
Given at Our Court at Windsor Castle, the Twenty-eighth day of
December, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two, and
in the Sixth Year of Our Reign.
(Signed) VICTORIA R.
* The preamble mentions two Chinese negotiators only, KEYING and
ELEPOO. The third signature was that of NIUKIEN, Liang Kiang Viceroy.